"Furthermore, our simulation resulted mostly in the formation of rotating disk galaxies like the Milky Way and almost all other large galaxies we know," says the scientist. For instance, the distribution and velocity of the stars in the computer-generated galaxies follow the same pattern that can be seen in the night sky.
"In many aspects, our results are remarkably close to what we actually observe with telescopes," explains Kroupa. The scientists then used this software to simulate the formation of stars and galaxies, starting from a gas cloud several hundred thousand years after the Big Bang. Because with MOND, the attraction of a body depends not only on its own mass, but also on whether other objects are in its vicinity. To do this he used a computer program for complex gravitational calculations which was developed in Kroupa's group. Benoit Famaey in Strasbourg, we have now simulated for the first time whether galaxies would form in a MOND universe and if so, which ones," says Kroupa's doctoral student Nils Wittenburg. This is why galaxies do not break apart as a result of their rotational speed. Under very low accelerations, as is the case in galaxies, it becomes considerably stronger. According to the theory, the attraction between two masses obeys Newton's laws only up to a certain point. This theory bears the abbreviation MOND (MOdified Newtonian Dynamics) it was discovered by the Israeli physicist Prof. Pavel Kroupa from the Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics at the University of Bonn and the Astronomical Institute of Charles University in Prague. "Perhaps the gravitational forces themselves simply behave differently than previously thought," explains Prof. However, there is still no direct proof of its existence. It appears that there is an additional source of gravity in the galaxies that prevents this - a kind of "star putty" that cannot be seen with telescopes: dark matter. For instance, stars in rotating galaxies often move so fast that they should actually be ejected. It also explains some puzzling observations. On the one hand, it is said to be responsible for the initial uneven distribution that led to the agglomeration of the gas clouds. Over the course of several billion years, these accumulations of gas eventually formed the galaxies we see today.Īn important ingredient of this theory is the so-called dark matter. The denser places attracted more and more matter from their surroundings due to their stronger gravitational forces.
Cosmologists nowadays assume that matter was not distributed entirely evenly after the Big Bang.
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